Air is generally considered to be a minor factor among the sources of contamination. However, unless the udder is infected, it is not considered to be an important source of such microorganisms. Source of Bacteria in Milk Some bacteria are normally present in the udder of the cow, and these may contribute to the bacterial flora of the milk. But, under certain conditions, it assumes great importance especially when wide mouth pails are used and outdoor milking is done in dusty yards without prior washing. This milk is completely untreated which means it is unpasteurized and there is the presence of harmful bacteria in the milk. In lab studies, this probiotic bacterium has reduced pathogen counts 10,000-fold. Major Harmful Microorganisms found in Milk. Skin, hair, feathers, gastrointestinal tracts, urinogenital tract, respiratory tracts and milk ducts (teat canals) in animals producing animals. L. lactis, for example, fights antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, such as Enterococcus faecium, protecting against infections. The first descriptions of the bacterial diversity of breast milk in healthy women were based on the use of culture media and showed the predominance of staphylococci, streptococci, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), propionibacteria and closely related Gram-positive bacteria , , , (), including new bacterial species, such as Streptococcus lactarius.Human milk has also been shown to be a source … Milking heavily soiled cows could potentially result in bulk milk … The harmful microorganisms found in milk can contaminate the milk at any of these stages and can lead to severe health risks. The whey proteins The whey proteins are also made up of a number of distinct proteins as shown in the scheme … The infant’s gut is initially colonized by bacteria that may come from different sources, such as breast milk… It is the responsibility of the food business operator (milk producer) to identify these points and implement control measures to protect milk from contamination. Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Propionibacterium and fungal populations), causing spoilage (e.g. to milk, or if acid-producing bacteria are allowed to grow in milk, the pH falls. Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Bacillus and other spore-forming or … The cow herd should be monitored for preventing possible food-borne pathogens and food … These microorganisms enter milk from a variety of sources and, once in milk, can play a number of roles, such as facilitating dairy fermentations (e.g. The key sources of contamination are: Faecal contamination from soiled animals, … Microorganisms in raw milk originate with the cow, the milking, storage and transportation equipment, and the environment. Recent research suggests a link between the infant’s gut bacterial community, or microbiome, and the adult microbiome; starting out with the right mix of beneficial bacteria in the gut influences health throughout the lifespan. Hence milk curdles as it sours, or the casein precipitates more completely at low pH. Milk is also an excellent source of Lactococcus. These airborne microorganisms may contaminate the milk. Raw milk is a major source of harmful pathogens. For example, if one gram of teat soil containing 10 8 bacteria is allowed into the milk of one cow giving approximately 30 lb (~13,400 gm) of milk, the total bacteria count for that cow’s milk, excluding other sources, would be in excess of 7,000 per ml. Milk can be contaminated at any point in the milk production process. Usually contaminated environments are a potential source of food-borne pathogens and spoilage bacteria present in raw milk bulk tank in the dairy farm, which are affecting the milk quality and emerging public health risk [34, 35, 36]. An understanding of the sources of microorganisms in food is important to: develop methods to control access of some microbes in food. Sources and Causes of High Bacteria Counts in Raw Milk: An Abbreviated Review Milk is synthesized in specialized cells of the mammary gland and is virtually sterile when secreted into the alveoli of the udder (Tolle, 1980). 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